Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects the central nervous system. It is based on the gradual destruction of dopamine-producing nerve cells in the area of the brain called the substantia nigra. Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter that regulates our body's movements. With the loss of these cells, dopamine levels drop, causing problems with movement control.

Although Parkinson's is more common in individuals over the age of 60, it can also occur at a younger age. Although the exact cause of the disease is not yet fully understood, the interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental factors is emphasized.

More Detailed Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease:

In addition to the basic symptoms mentioned above, there are other symptoms that can appear in different stages of Parkinson's disease:

• Tremor: This is often the first symptom noticed. It usually starts in one hand and is more noticeable when at rest. It can be described as a movement "like counting money". Over time, it can spread to the other hand, leg or jaw. Stress or fatigue can increase tremors.
• Slowing of Movements (Bradykinesia): This includes not only slowing of movements, but also difficulty initiating movements and performing consecutive movements. For example, difficulty initiating walking, buttoning buttons, or having to do tasks that are normally done quickly more slowly. A dullness of facial expression (mask face) may also be due to bradykinesia.
• Muscle Rigidity: A feeling of tightness and tension in the muscles. This can limit range of motion and cause pain. During a doctor's exam, a "cogwheel"-like resistance may be felt when moving the joints.
• Balance Problems and Postural Disorders: As the disease progresses, balance reflexes may weaken, increasing the risk of falling. A forward-leaning posture (hunched forward) is common.
• Speech Changes (Dysarthria): Speech may become slower, more monotonous, or quieter. Words may have difficulty pronouncing.
• Difficulty in Writing (Micrographia): Writing may become smaller and more difficult to read.
• Decreased Sense of Smell (Hyposmia): Many people with Parkinson's disease may experience a decreased sense of smell years before motor symptoms appear.
• Sleep Disorders: REM sleep behavior disorder in particular (abnormal movements such as screaming and kicking during sleep) may be associated with Parkinson's.
• Depression and Anxiety: Mood swings are common in people with Parkinson's disease.
• Constipation: The digestive system may also be affected.

It is important to remember that the severity and combination of these symptoms may vary from person to person. Parkinson's is diagnosed after a detailed examination and evaluation by a neurologist.