Cervical cancer, a disease that kills thousands of women every year, can be defeated with early diagnosis. We can prevent these losses with vaccination and screening programs.

What are the reasons?

It is a disease that occurs when cells in the area connecting the uterus and vagina multiply uncontrollably. The most important cause of cervical cancer is a virus known as HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) . This virus is transmitted sexually. Some types of HPV can cause changes in cervical cells and lead to cancer.

What are the symptoms?

Cervical cancer may not cause any symptoms, especially in the early stages. However, in advanced stages, the following symptoms may be seen:

• Extramenstrual bleeding: Any bleeding outside of normal menstrual periods.
• Post-coital bleeding: Vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse
• Vaginal discharge: Vaginal discharge that is different from normal, foul-smelling or bloody
• Pain in the pelvic area
• Weight loss

Risk Factors

• HPV infection: It is the most important risk factor.
• Starting sexual intercourse at an early age:
• Multiple sexual partners:
• Smoking:
• Weak immune system:
• Birth control pill use: Long-term and high-dose use may be a risk factor.
• Family history of cervical cancer:

How Is It Diagnosed?

• Pap smear (Cervix smear): A sample taken from the cervix is examined for abnormal cells.
• HPV test: The presence of the HPV virus is investigated.
• Colposcopy: The cervix is examined with a magnifying instrument.
• Biopsy: A small piece of tissue is taken from the suspicious area and examined under a microscope.

Treatment Methods

Cervical cancer treatment is determined by the stage of the cancer, the patient's general health status, and other factors. The commonly used treatment methods are:

• Surgery: Removal of cancerous tissue and surrounding healthy tissue
• Radiotherapy: Killing cancer cells using radiation
• Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells

Ways of Protection

• HPV vaccine: It is the most effective protection method against HPV infection.
• Regular gynecological check-ups: Early detection with Pap smear and HPV test
• Safe sex: Using condoms
• Quitting smoking

Cervical cancer is a disease that can be successfully treated when diagnosed early. Regular checkups and a healthy lifestyle are one of the most effective ways to protect yourself from this disease.

Note: This information is for general information purposes only. If you have any health problems, be sure to consult your doctor.